This is a core subject. It will expose the students to the analysis and design of steel and timber structural elements. For the steel design, the topics covered include the advantages and the general concepts of steel constructions, analysis and design of restrained and unrestrained beams, columns with axial load, columns with axial load and bending moment, trusses, bolt and weld connections, and elastic and plastic design of portal frames. For timber structures, the topics covered include the design of beams, columns and compression and tension members of truss.